Madelaine Drohan

Madelaine Drohan

@mdrohan.bsky.social

Author of He Did Not Conquer: Benjamin Franklin's Failure to Annex Canada (2025.) Writer. Former foreign correspondent. Senior fellow Canadian International Council. Honorary senior fellow GSPIA, University of Ottawa. Visit my website: madelainedrohan.org

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Drop by the Dundurn Press booth if you are at TWOTS on Sunday. I’d be happy to talk about how Benjamin Franklin’s efforts to annex Canada set the stage for Donald Trump. #twots #canada #history #books #cdaus

Madelaine Drohan reposted

To carry 50,000 people per hour in each direction, a city needs a 175m wide road for cars. Even if those cars are electric. And then there’s all the parking. OR a city can move A LOT MORE people in a lot less space, with A LOT LESS public money, emissions, pollution, noise etc. Choices. Simple.

The PM would make better use of his time meeting with those who deal with the problems created by rich people. Teachers. Doctors. Charities. There is a long list of people who could better acquaint the PM with the country he governs.

Propaganda, spies, and willing local accomplices. See how American meddling in the Alberta separatism debate resembles the tactics they used in Quebec 250 years ago. #hedidnotconquer #canada #history #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social opencanada.org/when-america...

opencanada.orgWhen America Tried to Win Canada - Open CanadaThe failure of American colonists to win Canadian hearts and minds 250 years ago offers lessons for responding to current meddling in the Alberta separatism debate.
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He was definitely put off by the slipperiness and chameleon-like qualities of Benjamin Franklin, the object of my study. Adams always seemed to have the good of his fellow colonists at heart, whereas with Franklin you never knew.

As for marital relations, Franklin spent decades apart from his common-law wife Deborah and did not bother to return home from Europe when he learned she was dying. I am not sure what Adams thought about that, but I doubt he approved.

I formed a liking for John Adams when I read letters written by delegates to the Continental Congress from the time the American colonists invaded Canada in 1775 to their Declaration of Independence in 1776.

His letters to his wife, Abigail, caught my eye. In them, he opened his mind to her on big matters (independence) and small (his personal faults), treating her as his equal. He came across as a straightforward, principled man. I suspect he may have been a bit of a prig in real life.

The founding fathers were still peeved with Britain about the 1774 Quebec Act when they declared independence #OTD July 4, 1776. They made sure to include the Act’s terms in the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence. #canada #history #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social

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The landowners and speculators among the founders had counted on having the land below the Great Lakes for new settlements. They eventually got this part of Canada in the 1783 peace treaty with Britain that ended the American Revolution.

Section on the Quebec Act: “For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies”

The founding fathers were still peeved with Britain about the 1774 Quebec Act when they declared independence #OTD July 4, 1776. They made sure to include the Act’s terms in the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence. #canada #history #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social

The Protestant founders were irritated the Act allowed the French Canadians, 99% of the population in the British colony, to continue practising Roman Catholicism (despite promising to do the same when they were trying to get them to join the revolution).

They did not like that Britain allowed the Canadians to keep their civil law, except in criminal matters. But they were infuriated that Britain decided Canada’s borders should return to what they were (approx) when it conquered the colony in 1760, instead of much narrower ones set out in 1763.

It was a fun conversation.

hclark@hclark.bsky.social

As the U.S. prepares to celebrate its 250th, icymi: @mdrohan.bsky.social tells @spaikin.bsky.social about American founding father Benjamin Franklin's failed attempts to annex Canada. Don't know this story? She says that's because Canadians let the losers write the story: youtu.be/71XcY7OgYe8?...

#OTD July 3, 1776, John Adams grumbled in a letter to his wife Abigail that had the Declaration of Independence been made seven months earlier, “we should have mastered Quebec and been in Possession of Canada.” #hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social

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But an attempt on December 31, 1775, failed miserably. The invaders finally departed Canada in late June 1776. On the upside, Adams told his wife the delay had extinguished hopes for reconciliation and solidified support for independence.

The previous day, delegates had voted unanimously for independence and had largely approved a declaration, barring final review. “The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America,” he declared.

#OTD July 3, 1776, John Adams grumbled in a letter to his wife Abigail that had the Declaration of Independence been made seven months earlier, “we should have mastered Quebec and been in Possession of Canada.” #hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social

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Instead, he hinted at internal divisions among the delegates, with those still hoping for reconciliation with Britain causing “Obstructions, Embarrassments and studied Delays, which have finally, lost Us the Province.”

Seven months earlier, American troops were gathered outside the walls of Quebec City, the seat of British power in the colony. Hopes were high that with Montreal and Trois-Rivières already in their hands, Canada would soon be theirs.

#OTD July 3, 1776, John Adams grumbled in a letter to his wife Abigail that had the Declaration of Independence been made seven months earlier, “we should have mastered Quebec and been in Possession of Canada.” #hedidnotconquer #canada #history #books #americanrevolution @revwar250.bsky.social

He said that if he could write freely, he could easily convince her “how such a Declaration would have influenced Affairs in Canada.” Delegates to the Continental Congress had agreed not to talk about their internal deliberations.

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Only after all these letters were read could delegates resume what John Adams called “the Great Debate” over the declaration. But the letters had left their mark. “Alass Canada!” Adams wrote a friend at the end of the day. “We have found Misfortune and disgrace in that Quarter. Evacuated at last.”

In a different letter, Adams blamed the indecision of Congress and mistakes by rebel officers for the series of disasters in Canada, adding that an epidemic of small pox “compleated our Ruin, and have compell'd us to evacuate that important Province. We must however regain it, sometime or other.”

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In his letter to Congress, George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, wrote of “the melancholy situation of our affairs in Canada.” Philip Schuyler, the general who had overall command of the invasion, spoke of the “Grief I feel on the Evacuation of Canada by our Troops.”

John Sullivan, the general in charge of getting the defeated troops across the border, wrote about the large number of rebel soldiers who were ill. He said it was “the most dismal spectacle Ever furnished from one Army in this Quarter of the Globe.”

The delegates had started the day with the unhappy task of reviewing letters from the rebel generals who had overseen the inglorious retreat of the American army from the British colony of Canada. This marked the end of the 1775-76 invasion begun with high hopes of a quick and easy conquest.

Benjamin Franklin tried twice during the American Revolution to make Canada the 14th colony. I wrote about these failed attempts and the thinking behind them for the Canadian Encyclopedia. Here's the link: thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/b... #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

thecanadianencyclopedia.caBenjamin Franklin and American Attempts to Annex CanadaBenjamin Franklin, writer, publisher, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat (born 17 January 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts; died 17 April 1790 in Philadelphi...

#OTD June 18, 1776, a defeated American army straggled out of Fort St. Jean on the last leg of their journey home to the 13 Colonies. They had invaded the British colony of Canada the previous September, confident of making it the 14th colony. #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

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By June 20, Guy Carleton, the British governor of Canada, thanked the Canadians for their zeal and said they could return to their homes now that “the rebels are gone.” America’s first war of liberation had failed.

“Alas Canada,” John Adams (pictured) wrote July 1, 1776, “We have found Misfortune and disgrace in that Quarter.” He later said the retreat was caused by “a Complication of Circumstances, of Famine, Pestilence, Distress, Defeat, and Disgrace.” #hedidnotconquer @dundurnpress.bsky.social

#OTD June 18, 1776, a defeated American army straggled out of Fort St. Jean on the last leg of their journey home to the 13 Colonies. They had invaded the British colony of Canada the previous September, confident of making it the 14th colony. #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

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Benedict Arnold, the rebel general who led the flight from Montreal, estimated that half the 7,000 American troops in Fort St. Jean were suffering from smallpox. A further 1,000 were vulnerable because they had not yet had the disease.

General John Sullivan, Arnold’s superior, bemoaned “the sad necessity of abandoning Canada.” In a letter to his commanding officer, he added “I am sufficiently mortified, and since wish I had never seen this fatal country.”

#OTD June 18, 1776, a defeated American army straggled out of Fort St. Jean on the last leg of their journey home to the 13 Colonies. They had invaded the British colony of Canada the previous September, confident of making it the 14th colony. #canada #history #books #americanrevolution

Now they were being chased out of Canada by British troops, Canadian militia, and their Indigenous allies. The Americans sacked and burned forts and destroyed bridges as they hurried to the border near the top of Lake Champlain. They were encumbered by sick and wounded. @revwar250.bsky.social

Madelaine Drohan reposted

Coming up tomorrow at 11 a.m. ET!

The Tattooed Historian@tattooedhistorian.bsky.social

Don't forget that the next livestream on my YouTube channel is coming up on Tuesday at 11 a.m. ET. @mdrohan.bsky.social will be joining us to discuss Benjamin Franklin's desire to take Canada. This will be a timely discussion in light of "51st state" rhetoric. www.youtube.com/live/kArpkSl...