Nicolay Gerold

Nicolay Gerold

@nicolaygerold.com

Daytime: building ai systems & platforms @ Aisbach Nighttime: hacking on generative ai Host of How AI Is Built

750 followers145 following643 posts

Not sure whether Codex or Devin are saving me time. The workflow is off. They are made to push to the remote, which completely breaks the workflow (working directory -> staging -> remote). So you push or make a pr, pull it down, check whether it's working or ...

make some small adjustments and push again (or rather just discard it). It makes sense that it is working locally, where the dev is working. I think it also creates a sense of detachment from the code. Usually when I pull something, it's the work of someone else....

So I am not directly responsible for it. Which is just off. At the moment, it's just a massive waste of time. Agents should live where I do the work unless they can automate me with 99% accuracy.

EU mobilizes 200 billion Euros for AI. Unless we have a massive political change that money will just go to waste. For innovation to happen, we don't need money first, but deregulation. We cannot work on breakthrough technologies, when we are at constant fear of being sued.

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We also need to celebrate the breakthroughs we make here in the EU. In the last few days politicians started to celebrate OpenAI moving to Munich as a breakthrough for the EU and technology in Germany.

That's a shame for the technology that is actually developed here. We have Mistral AI, Black Forest Labs working on the state of the art. We should support and celebrate their breakthroughs, not when a foreign company decides to open an office to sell to EU companies.

EU mobilizes 200 billion Euros for AI. Unless we have a massive political change that money will just go to waste. For innovation to happen, we don't need money first, but deregulation. We cannot work on breakthrough technologies, when we are at constant fear of being sued.

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- Safe harbor provisions for data experimentation within defined boundaries - R&D tax credits from day one - Reduced social security contributions for the first X employees - Fast-track banking setup and simplified financial reporting

- Limited liability protection for innovative technology testing - Fast-track certification processes for new products - 2-week fast-track work visas for technical roles - Remote work permits across EU without additional paperwork - Reduced mandatory healthcare contributions for first 10 employees

EU mobilizes 200 billion Euros for AI. Unless we have a massive political change that money will just go to waste. For innovation to happen, we don't need money first, but deregulation. We cannot work on breakthrough technologies, when we are at constant fear of being sued.

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Otherwise we set them up for failure from the get-go. We need easy ways to open up a new company. Otherwise we don't incentive people to fund, because it's just easier to take high-paying jobs from US startups or big-tech. We need tax exemptions for new startups for the first year.

Otherwise we force our founder to focus on taxes and accounting and not building something that sets them apart. We need a "Startup Innovation Pass": - Temporary exemptions from regulations with basic safety and ethics standards - Tax exemptions for startups under certain revenue/user thresholds

EU mobilizes 200 billion Euros for AI. Unless we have a massive political change that money will just go to waste. For innovation to happen, we don't need money first, but deregulation. We cannot work on breakthrough technologies, when we are at constant fear of being sued.

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We are creating fights on unequal footing. US startups can compete without the same regulations. Incumbents can compete with a bunch of lawyers figuring out ways around regulations.

Our startups are left behind. By the time the EU startup achieves compliance, the US company has gone through multiple product iterations. We need sandboxes that allow startups to innovate, while breaking some of the rules.

EU mobilizes 200 billion Euros for AI. Unless we have a massive political change that money will just go to waste. For innovation to happen, we don't need money first, but deregulation. We cannot work on breakthrough technologies, when we are at constant fear of being sued.

The regulation EU startups are facing (GDPR, AI Act, DSA,...) are great in spirit, but when startups have to think regulation first, they are forced to move slower than the non-EU competitors.

Or they can't offer features the US competitors can. I am working on a startup right now, where we cannot offer a feature because of GDPR. Even though all the information is publicly accessible. It just biases our customers to not go with us.

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So no more matching, but actual reasoning. Even top AI models struggle as texts get longer. - o3-mini degrades to 18.9 at 32K context window - Deepseek R1 to 20.7 at 32K - Most models even struggle past 4k For most tasks good retrieval + smaller contexts will improve your performance.

Long-context isn't solved. We just had bad tests. What this means: - RAG isn't dead - it's more important than ever - Breaking text into smaller chunks still helps - Models need to get better at reasoning, not just matching at long contexts

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NoLima is a benchmark to test if AI models can truly understand long texts. - Insert one key fact (called a "needle") into a long text of irrelevant information - Ask the AI to find and use this fact to answer a question - The twist: The question and the key fact use different but related words

For example: Question: "Which character has been to Dresden?" Hidden fact: "Yuki lives next to the Semper Opera House" (opera house in Dresden) The AI must know that the Semper Opera House is in Dresden to make this connection.

People say long-context is solved, because we perform well on "needle in the haystack". We place an answer somewhere in the context window and ask a question. When the model can answer correctly we can say, the model works at the given context length.

BUT! The tests often let AI find answers by matching words that appear in both the question and text. - Question: "Who was the first person to land on Mars?" - Text: "...and after years of preparation, Sarah Chen became the first person to land on Mars..."

I am dreaming up an Excel backend. Excel as the frontend, Iceberg as the backend. But how do you handle formulas, pivot tables, ...? How do you malformatted sheets? You probably have to put restrictions on what you can do with Excel so it's valid to be stored.

Anything that's a formula is ignored and not stored, since it can be recomputed in the sheet. Multiple sheets are probably not possible unless one sheet holds the data and the rest are computations or visualizations.

The more I learn about MLOps, the more it's ops first, ML second. Start with: - Build serverless apps - Write infrastructure code - Set up CI/CD - Run VMs & databases - Deploy Kubernetes ML comes after you can build things that work.

Coming back and back again to the same question: How can I make it easy to experiment? With genAI it will be easier to generate alternatives and options. So for almost anything, I want to generate a lot of options, vote for the best one, test it in a sandbox, A/B test, deploy it... (rollback)