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Content-addressing promised consistent, reproducible CIDs for identical data, but encoding parameters got in the way. Uploading the same file with Kubo, Helia, or Singularity could produce 3 different CIDs because each one used different chunking, DAG width, and HAMT settings.

IPIP-0499 fixes this with 2 named profiles. In addition to deterministic CIDs, we also get: ⚡ Faster verification (compare CIDs directly, no need to fetch underlying data) 🌿 Better performance (shallower DAG trees, faster seeks, fewer DHT announcements)