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Let's take a closer look at the Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict. While recent clashes are grabbing headlines, understanding the situation requires looking at two distinct but intertwined layers: a modern militant crisis and a deep historical grievance.

For years, Pakistan's strategic calculus was based on supporting the Afghan Taliban to project influence. With the Taliban in power, that leverage is gone. This has left Islamabad in a strategic bind. Use military and economic coercion against a government it helped create, with little success.