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🪼 Your tax dollars paid a scientist to squeeze jellyfish through cheesecloth. Osamu Shimomura processed tens of thousands on an NSF grant to understand why they glow. He found a protein that glowed green under UV light. Called it "green protein." Nobody cared. For decades.

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Yeah, a scientist with lousy aseptic lab technique looking at a completely different scientific question discovered penicillin that has saved 100s of millions of human and animal lives. Penicillin was discovered by curiosity—nothing more and nothing less. I rather my taxes be spent on science.

Wonderful story. But science that reveals the mysteries of life and the universe—even without practical benefits to people—can be inherently worthwhile, just as great symphonies enhance what it means to be human.

Discoveries in music too happen like "what if I played this with this?" Human curiosity and courage can't be beat. Even the "failures" are worthwhile: mold, adhesive. I love science!

Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. How do you humanely slice a head of lettuce for dinner?

I read post 1 and thought, "And we care now because...?" only to be really thrilled some dude was given government grant money to squeeze jellyfish through cheesecloth!

And incurious, small minded people can't understand how science works and that things that seem worthless to them, result in discoveries that make their lives better and they never even knew how they came about. Really makes me wish we could exclude them from making important decisions.

We really haven't moved beyond the "let's just tear animals apart to see what happens" part of science have we? I get that jellyfish supposedly don't feel pain but the sentance "we squeed jellyfish through a cheese cloth to look at its remains" is still horrifying to me

The discomfort is fair. Today it's regulated under IACUC oversight, anesthesia, and the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine), nothing like 1960. And that jellyfish protein became GFP, now used to test the safety of the food, water, and medicine you consume every day. The cost bought real protection.

This is a great thread. America is full of voters who can’t see 2 inches past their nose. On top of that, they’ve been told for decades that government can’t do anything right. Deliberate ignorance threatens pretty much everything that can move us forward.

Or vegetables. Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. Do you humanely slice a head of lettuce?

Uh 🙄 and? Other than confirming that something causes them to glow (similar to lightning bugs/fire flies) did it reveal anything else perhaps a way to generate light without fire or electricity? How do jellyfish draw their energy that causes their illumination? Did they not find anything useful?

Absolutely nothing... for 40 years... but now it's used to screen the drugs you take, food/milk safety, and monitor pathogens in your water supply. If you've had a medication developed after 2000, fluorescent proteins likely helped screen it. You're already benefiting from the jellyfish. Every day.

🤔 So this extraction from Jellyfish reacts to toxins? Do Jellyfish inject or spray anything when they sting? Is what is extracted from Jellyfish also considered a toxin but one that glows when in comes in contact with other toxins? What a fascinating reactive ability if so.

The extract makes the invisible into visible (Bacteria, virus, cancer, immune cells), which is why it got a Nobel prize. But since then, genetic engineering of this protein to react to many chemicals has made it really useful.

Douglas Prasher's story is worth knowing. He cloned the GFP gene and shared it freely w/ Chalfie & Tsien, but his own NIH funding ran out before he could finish the work. He left science entirely and was driving a courtesy shuttle in Huntsville, Al when the Nobel was announced.

This happens more than people realize, because science is cumulative and the Nobel limits each prize to 3 recipients. Decades of foundational contributions get compressed into 3 names. Chalfie and Tsien both acknowledged that the prize depended on Prasher's work, & Chalfie invited him to Stockholm.

But the part that should keep PIs up at night isn't the Nobel's structure, it's that Prasher's science was right, his generosity was extraordinary, and the funding system STILL FAILED him. That is EXACTLY the pipeline vulnerability this series is about.

Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. How do you humanely slice a head of lettuce for dinner?

The lessons I take from this thread: 1. "Trojan Horse" leads that don't immediately tease the subversion, prompt confused comments. 2. Read the full thread before commenting. See also item 1. 3. All scientific research is worthy. 4. Socialism does things Capitalism won't. See also item 3.

That’s actually why it’s important to have MORE research be federally funded because federal research contracts have requirements for open publication and public good use. Private funding has no such requirements.

Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. How do you humanely slice a head of lettuce for dinner?

Thanks for trying to educate me, but your point is? Perhaps I'm Buddhist? Do no harm... Some of what people perceive as "jellyfish" are colonial organisms made of multiple specialized individual zooids. (& yes I know they're actually Siphonophores and not Cnidaria) I still feel sorry for the 🪼!

🪼 are part of the food chain/web of life and are the favourite food of some sea going turtles for instance Some 🪼 have 24 eyes arranged in clusters around the bell Some jellyfish are free swimming and don't just drift Some 🪼 can kill you All 🪼 are unusual, interesting & beautiful IMO...

If you’re interested in how scientific advances build on each other, watch one of my favorite series of all time. James Burke’s “Connections” had a huge influence on me when it originally aired.

Or not. Personally, I’d rather “just look into this light” BOTH bezopo & lumpi. POOF! sprecht achz & bloogin’ instantaneously disappeared!! And ALL THEIR GODDAMN MOTHERFUCKING GRIFT - every freaking cent - is awarded to NASA. #FundedInPerpetuity #AdAstra #NoNotYouFuckUpsShoo

Apropos of nothing, thanks for reposting this today. I’m re-watching the series to get through an epic travel delay.

Sorry for your delay, but it’s a lovely thing to rewatch. I think I’m going to try rewatching an episode every night before bed.

It’s also about how elders didn’t quite figure “everything” out, but that thing you think you completely independently discovered? Yeah, that was all based on very old work.

That show is the fucking best thing ever. I find a lot of non-fiction TV unwatchable because it's too slow (unless it has great photography) because I'm just thinking, "this would be so much faster reading." Not "Connections."

Agreed, thanks, bookmarked. Started watching in grad school and tried to get my sons dialed into PBS reruns a decade later. Good to see Internet Archives has them back.

Had a Science and Technology class in college where we watched an episode every Friday and discussed it the next week. Fascinating.

Funny enough, the TA who taught my intro class also said luciferase was superior to GFP. True for a narrow set of applications. But live-cell imaging (eg cancer), real-time protein tracking, drug screening, food safety testing, and water quality monitoring would not be possible with luciferase alone

GFP technology is used to screen the drugs you take, detect antibiotic residues in your food/milk, and monitor pathogens in your water supply. If you've had a medication developed after 2000, fluorescent proteins likely helped screen it. You're already benefiting from the jellyfish. Every day.

I have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, caused by a mutation in a gene that codes for a protein that organizes heart muscle fibers. One of the ways to test medications for HCM has been to add a green fluorescent protein tag to heart muscle fibers and see if they are arranged the way they should be.

In 1640, Fermat, a magistrate by day and a mathematician by night, published his Little Theorem, essentially for fun. Building off this work 337 years later, the RSA cryptosystem was first published as a means of secure data transmission. It is the foundation of modern banking.

🧪 Then in 1994, Martin Chalfie inserted the gene into bacteria and worms. They glowed green. No dye. No injection. For the first time you could attach GFP to any protein and watch it move inside a living cell in real time. Biology went from snapshots to live video.

🎨 Roger Tsien engineered color variants (mCherry, mOrange, mPlum). Applications cascaded: watching cancer metastasize, tracking neurons, screening drugs, mapping brain circuits. GFP is now one of the most widely used tools in biomedical research.

Good thread about the importance of fundamental science, but careful not to oversimplify/mislead. Roger Tsien did engineer colour variants for avGFP (CFP, EYFP etc), but mCherry, mOrange, mPlum are variants of DsRed/RFP from Discosoma, which isn't a jellyfish.

📊 Tens of thousands of studies depend on it. Every major drug pipeline uses fluorescent reporters. Shimomura, Chalfie, and Tsien shared the 2008 Nobel for making "the previously invisible, visible." All from jellyfish on an NSF grant. #YourTaxDollarsAtWork

Okay, so no torture as we know it, but they were still killed. Perhaps since we humans are such geniuses, we could find ways to help ourselves without killing other creatures? Since we’re looking to ‘fake’ things up these days, why not do research that way too? Use the AI.

We are, increasingly. AI drug screening, computational modeling, organ-on-chip systems all reduce animal use. But each was trained on data from empirical biology. You can't simulate what hasn't been observed. Ironically, GFP is part of the solution: it lets us study living cells without dissection.

Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. How do you humanely slice a head of lettuce for dinner?

First of all, a plant is different from an animal. What is the relevance of the jellyfish not having a brain or a central nervous system as we do? They were still being killed. It wasn’t that long ago That people thought digs and cats couldn’t feel pain. Some assholes still believe this.

The difference: dogs and cats have nociceptors, a spinal cord, a thalamus, and a cortex. The claim they couldn't feel pain was ideological, not evidence-based. Jellyfish lack all of those structures. No brain, no spinal cord, no nociceptors. That's not opinion being revised. It's anatomy.

Jellyfish have no brain, no central nervous system, no nociceptors. They have a diffuse nerve net that coordinates pulsing and feeding via local reflexes. A head of lettuce has more organized cellular signaling in response to tissue damage. How do you humanely slice a head of lettuce for dinner?

Blue sky funding of research in the 50’s and 60’s is why the U.S. leapt forward, we need more not for profit research done in the U.S. again.